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本章通过对章太炎的“反满说”、梁启超与胡适的“理学反动说”、钱穆的“每转益进说”、侯外庐的“早期启蒙说”、余英时的“内在理路说”等五个重要理论观点的形成及其基本涵义的历史考察,探讨了清代学术史研究范式在20世纪的变迁。文章认为,基于国粹意识的“反满说”,开拓了研究的新方向。“理学反动说”则是在此基础上的继往开来,并注入了具有现代意义的西方科学的方法论思想,成为20世纪研究的重要范式。“每转益进说”与“内在理路说”,试图以继承与发展的观点重新解释,从而对“理学反动说”提出了新的挑战。“早期启蒙说”则勾划出由17世纪早期思想启蒙到19世纪近代思想启蒙的一条主线,首创了以马克思主义理论研究清代学术的新范式。文章指出,上述研究范式之间的起伏消长,反映了20世纪中国社会思潮的变迁,而这种社会思潮的起伏消长反过来也影响甚至决定了研究范式的变迁。
In this chapter, we will analyze the five important aspects of Zhang Tai-yan’s “Anti-Manchu”, Liang Qichao and Hu Shih’s “Neo-Confucianism”, Qian Mu’s “Mutual Benefit”, Hou’s “Early Enlightenment” and Yu Yingshi’s “Internal Logic” The formation of theoretical viewpoint and the historical investigation of its basic meaning, explores the changes of the research paradigm of academic history in the Qing Dynasty in the 20th century. The article holds that the “anti-Manchu theory” based on the quintessence of Chinese culture opens up a new direction for the study. On the basis of this, “Neo-Confucianism and Reaction Theory” is a symbol of the past and future and has injected the methodology of western science with modern significance into an important paradigm of 20th century research. The theory of “per benefit,” and “inner logic” try to reinterpret it from the perspective of inheritance and development, thus posing new challenges to “reactionary theory of Neo-Confucianism.” “Early Enlightenment Theory” delineated a main line from the enlightenment of the early 17th century to the enlightenment of modern 19th century knowledge, and pioneered a new paradigm of studying the scholarship of Qing Dynasty with Marxist theory. The article points out that the ups and downs of the above research paradigm reflect the changes of the tide of Chinese social thought in the twentieth century, and the ups and downs of such social thoughts in turn also influence or even decide the changes of the research paradigm.