职业性阻塞性肺疾患按气道职业性接触的作用分为非哮喘性(非特异性)气道阻塞和职业性哮喘二大类。其分类依据为接触史,对吸入乙酰甲胆碱或组织胺的气道反应性,以及气道阻塞的可逆性。非特异性气道阻塞,即固定的气流阻塞,可由急性或长期接触工作场所空气中的悬浮颗粒或气体引起。以谷物尘埃为例,它可使痰量增多,呼气流速下降,其作用近乎与吸烟相等。气道功能障碍的机理尚不清楚。谷仓工人的平均非过敏气道反应性稍高于正常人,而特应性和过敏性低于正常人。其反应性增高程度接近吸烟者。其气道阻塞也与吸烟者相近。这种非特异性气道 Occupational obstructive pulmonary disease by airway occupational exposure to the role of non-asthma (non-specific) airway obstruction and occupational asthma two categories. The classification is based on history of exposure, airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine or histamine, and reversibility of airway obstruction. Nonspecific airway obstruction, ie, clogged air flow, can be caused by acute or prolonged exposure to suspended particles or gases in the workplace air. Taking grain dust as an example, it increases the amount of sputum and decreases the expiratory flow rate, which is almost equal to that of smoking. The mechanism of airway dysfunction is not clear. The average non-allergenic airway reactivity of barn workers is slightly higher than that of normal people, whereas the atopic and allergic ones are lower than normal. Its reactivity is similar to that of smokers. Its airway obstruction is also similar to smokers. This nonspecific airway