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本文从能否解释“新奇性”这个问题出发,对马克思主义经济学的研究对象做进一步的阐释。我们认为,在马克思的生产方式概念或劳动概念中,包含着被演化经济学称为新奇性的内容。这一事实表明,与新古典经济学在研究对象上排斥新奇性或创新不同,马克思主义经济学在规定自身的研究对象时,为技术创新这个现代经济中最重要的现象预留了位置。本文由下述部分组成,第一节将简略地介绍吴易风教授对政治经济学研究对象的阐述,特别是他对马克思的“生产力—生产方式—生产关系原理”的论述;第二节则尝试说明在生产方式概念或劳动概念中所蕴涵的新奇性;在第三节里,我们要对马克思主义经济学和新古典经济学进行比较,指出后者在对经济学研究对象的规定中,排斥了新奇性或创新;第四节探讨了如何运用“生产力—生产方式—生产关系原理”来解释技术创新,以及新熊彼特派经济学在相关问题上的贡献和对马克思主义经济学的借鉴意义。
This article starts with the explanation of the problem of “novelty ” and further explains the research object of Marxist economics. In our view, the concept of Marx’s mode of production or the concept of labor contains what is called singularity by evolutionary economics. This fact shows that, unlike the neo-classical economics which excludes novelty or innovation in its research object, Marxist economics reserves its position as the most important phenomenon in the modern economy of technological innovation when defining its own research object. This article consists of the following sections. The first section will briefly introduce Professor Wu Yifeng’s elaboration on the subject of political economy, especially his discussion of Marx’s “productivity-mode of production-production relations principle.” Try to explain the novelty implied in the concept of production mode or labor concept; in the third section, we will compare Marxist economics with neoclassical economics, pointing out that in the provisions of the study object of economics, Excludes the novelty or innovation; Section IV explores how to use “productivity - mode of production - the principle of relations of production” to explain technological innovation, as well as Neo-Schumpeterian economics on the issues related to the contribution and Marxist economics The reference significance.