近几年来,元素的形态研究比较活跃,大体可分为二类:其一是经过分离处理后直接测定形态;其二是从化学平衡出发进行理论估算。由于前者受分离与测定技术的限制,目前还只能做到将被测元素的形态粗略分为无机(或有机)的不稳定态、结合态等若干种形态。因此,不少人从化学平衡出发进行理论计算来探讨被测元素的具体形态。但这种方法由于是从热力学平衡出发,受到平衡常数、活度系数以及配位体等资料的限制,目 In recent years, the study of the morphology of the elements is relatively active and can be generally divided into two categories: one is the direct determination of morphology after separation; the other is theoretical estimation from the chemical equilibrium. Because the former is limited by the separation and determination techniques, at present, it can only roughly classify the detected elements into inorganic (or organic) unstable states and bound states. Therefore, many people proceed from the chemical equilibrium theoretical calculations to explore the specific form of the measured element. However, this method is due to start from the thermodynamic equilibrium, subject to equilibrium constants, activity coefficients and ligands and other information restrictions, the head