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义务是个体做或不做某种行为的应当性,通常所说的义务主要指道德义务。义务来源于个体的良知,它经由人类情感和理性的交互作用而产生。当个体良知通过“三人社会模式”转化为社会大众良知后,义务就成为社会大众良知的内在要求,社会大众良知能够以社会评价或社会舆论的方式迫使个体履行义务。因此,个体良知可以产生义务、社会大众良知也能让个体负有义务,但从根本上说,义务源于个体的良知。
Obligation is the individual to do or not to do some kind of behavior should be, the so-called obligation mainly refers to moral obligations. Obligation stems from the conscience of an individual, which arises through the interaction of human emotions and reason. When the individual conscience transforms into the conscience of the public through the “three-person social model,” the obligation becomes an inherent requirement of the conscience of the public, and the conscience of the public can force individuals to fulfill their obligations in the form of social appraisal or public opinion. Therefore, the individual conscience can produce obligations, the conscience of the public can also make individuals bear the obligation, but fundamentally, the obligation stems from the conscience of the individual.