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本文首先盘点了国际汉语教育中课程与教学的现状,梳理了一些代表性的现象,如西方大学的所谓成功教学模式成因及对国内汉语教学的影响,教学理论与实践脱节等。进而反思中指出国际汉语教育作为一门新兴但实际涉及面很广的学科,目前即不缺钱、也不缺人,问题只在于缺乏正确的研究方向。由于制度设计的缺陷,造成学科资源的低效配置和人才的大量流失。国际汉语教育应在课程和教学设计上跳出二元论藩篱,从有效学习的角度来重新考虑汉语课程设置和教学方式。国际汉语教育并非传统意义上的单一学科,国际汉语教育应被视作一门技能教育,要突出技能培训务实、高效的培训特点,目标就是让更多非汉语母语者讲汉语、用汉语。因此应从语言教育的特殊性出发,结合汉语特点,从神经科学、汉语实用特点及教学实践几方面入手,利用好后发优势,以期推动学科的发展。同时应尽快建立国际汉语教育的效用评估体系,应该用市场化的方式来衡量国家资源的投入和产出。
This article first takes an inventory of the current situation of Courses and Teaching in International Chinese Education and sorts out some representative phenomena such as the causes of the so-called successful teaching model in Western universities and their impact on Chinese teaching in China and the disconnection between teaching theory and practice. In the meantime, it points out that international Chinese education, as a newly emerging subject with a wide range of practical aspects, is not short of money nor short of people. The problem lies only in the lack of proper research directions. Due to the defects of system design, inefficient disposition of disciplinary resources and massive loss of talents. International Chinese education should jump out of the dualism barrier in curriculum and instructional design, and reconsider the Chinese curriculum and teaching methods from the perspective of effective learning. International Chinese education is not a single discipline in the traditional sense. International Chinese education should be regarded as a skill education. To emphasize pragmatic and efficient training of skills training, the goal is to enable more non-native Chinese speakers to speak Chinese and use Chinese. Therefore, starting from the particularity of language education and combining with the characteristics of Chinese, we should start from the aspects of neuroscience, Chinese practicality and teaching practice, and make good use of the advantage of backwardness so as to promote the development of science. At the same time, we should set up a system to assess the effectiveness of international Chinese education as soon as possible. We should measure the input and output of national resources in a market-oriented way.