100多年前,苏格兰人托马斯·卡拉利给经济学贴上“沉闷的科学”的标签,它现在已经广为人知,因为经济学看起来令人厌烦,提不起兴趣,文献中充满“一方面,另一方面”。实际上,据说哈里·杜鲁门曾经说过,为了避免含糊不清,他希望有“一只胳膊的经济学家”。事实上,卡拉利的头脑里有许多非常不同的事情。卡拉利提醒我们的是稀缺性是永恒的——即我们不得不在相互竞争的满足,今天的拥挤和明天的拥挤以及相互冲突的价值和目标之间进行选择。总之,这位严厉的苏格兰人强调了做任 More than 100 years ago, the Scot, Thomas Caraley, labeled economics as “boring science,” now widely known because economics looks boring and does not interest, and the literature is full of “one hand, the other on the one hand”. In fact, it is said that Harry Truman once said he wanted “an economist with one arm” to avoid ambiguity. In fact, there are many very different things in Carrara’s mind. What Carrara reminds us is that scarcity is eternal - that is, we have to choose between competing gratifications, today’s congestion and tomorrow’s congestion and conflicting values ​​and goals. In short, this harsh Scottish man emphasized his job