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对于乾隆四十六年(1781)在甘肃循化地区(今青海省循化撒拉族自治县)发生的苏四十三事件,史学界争论较多,看法分歧。有的认为:“是宗教形式掩盖下的广大回回、撒拉各族贫苦农民为争取自身解放和民族解放反对本民族地主阶级与清朝统治者的武装斗争”。有的认为:“是由教争演变而成的反清起义”。还有的认为:“是一次对国家、对民族、对劳动人民毫无益处、毫无进步意义和反革命性的地方骚乱”。对于这个问题,我们有必要进行深入的研究,这对接受历史教训,增强信仰伊斯兰教各民族之间的团结、各教派之间的团结,发展西北民族经济将是十分有益的。本文拟从这次事件的起因、提出的口号、清政府采取的政策等方面对它的性质再做些探讨,以求教于这方面的专家学者。
In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong (1781), there were many controversies in the history of the Soviet Union in the Xunhua area of Gansu (now Xunhua Salar Autonomous County in Qinghai Province), with disagreements. Some argue that “it is a general response under the cover of religious forms. The poor peasants of all ethnic groups in Salar struggle for their own liberation and national liberation against the armed forces of their own ethnic landlord class and the Qing rulers.” Some think: “It is an anti-Qing uprising evolved from the controversy.” Others think: “It is a local riot that does no good to the country, to the nation, to the working people, to the pointless progress and to the counter-revolutionary.” For this issue, we need to conduct in-depth research, which is very useful for accepting the lessons of history, strengthening the unity of Islam among all ethnic groups, uniting the sects and developing the economy of Northwest China. This article intends to discuss some more about the nature of the incident in terms of the cause of the incident, the slogan proposed and the policy adopted by the Qing government so as to seek the help of experts and scholars in this field.