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一级预防 预防肝炎及肝癌 现在已有多种抗肝炎病毒的疫苗问世。美国阿拉斯加州当地人的HBV新感染率最高达34.5人/100人/年。检查4万人,发现3.5％HBsAg(+),20％抗HBc(+);而患肝癌者在美国是最多的。McMahon等自1983开始给初生儿、学龄前及学龄儿童注射HB疫苗。夏威夷的Diwan等发现太平洋中有些岛屿居民的HBsAg(+)率为9～30％,而成人和儿童都有患肝癌者。作者们利用岛屿隔离的特定条件,对初生儿、携带者及移民作
Primary prevention Hepatitis and liver cancer prevention There are many vaccines against hepatitis viruses. The rate of new HBV infection among local people in Alaska is up to 34.5 persons/100 person/year. Examining 40,000 people, 3.5% of HBsAg (+) and 20% of anti-HBc (+) were found; those with liver cancer were the most common in the United States. McMahon et al. have started giving HB vaccine to newborn, preschool and school-age children since 1983. Diwan et al. of Hawaii found that the HBsAg(+) rate of some island residents in the Pacific is 9 to 30%, and both adults and children have liver cancer. The authors make use of the specific conditions of island isolation for newborns, carriers and immigrants.