本文介绍了土壤测试对作物合理施肥的重要性,讨论了有关土壤测试的基础研究,采样方法以及需要注意的问题,N.P.代换性K、Ca和Mg、S、微量元素,土壤pH和石灰需要量的实验室测定步骤,土壤测试值等级的划分和肥力指数的应用,最后介绍了根据土壤测试值定出石灰和肥料施用量的问题。 This paper describes the importance of soil testing on crop fertility and discusses basic research on soil testing, sampling methods, and issues requiring attention. NP substitution K, Ca and Mg, S, trace elements, soil pH and lime are required The amount of laboratory measurement steps, the classification of soil test grade and the application of fertility index. Finally, the problem of determining the application rates of lime and fertilizer based on soil test values ​​is introduced.