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报道证实成体细胞可被重编程去分化为多能干细胞,即诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞),然而这些去分化过程大多伴随着反转录病毒携带外源基因进入细胞内,而且有的外源基因是致癌基因。因此,目前来看,这些由成体细胞衍生的iPS细胞还不能在临床上用来治疗人类的疾病。另一些最近发表在权威期刊的文章再次受到人们的关注,这些文章显示,小鼠和人睾丸中的精原干细胞(SSCs)可被诱导为多能干细胞。这个转变过程不需要外源基因的介入,也不需要反转录病毒的介导,用于自体器官移植也没有伦理学上的问题。这个发现可能会催生从细胞水平上诱导自体或同源的器官再生来治疗人来各种疾病的方法。本文从SSCs出发,论述了SSCs的各种分离、纯化和培养方法,以及体外培养的SSCs向多能干细胞转变的方法,并介绍了该多能干细胞在再生医学和遗传医学中的应用潜能。
It has been reported that adult cells can be reprogrammed to differentiate into pluripotent stem cells, that is, pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). However, most of these dedifferentiation processes are accompanied by the retrovirus carrying exogenous genes into cells, and some exogenous Genes are oncogenes. So for now, these iPS cells derived from adult cells have not been clinically used to treat human diseases. Other articles recently published in authoritative journals have once again drawn the attention of people who show that spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in mouse and human testes can be induced to pluripotent stem cells. This transition does not require the intervention of exogenous genes or the need for retroviruses and there is no ethical issue with autologous organ transplants. This finding may lead to therapies that treat various diseases in humans by inducing autologous or homologous organ regeneration at the cellular level. Based on the SSCs, this paper discussed the methods of isolation, purification and culture of SSCs and the transformation of SSCs into pluripotent stem cells in vitro. The potential of pluripotent stem cells in regenerative and genetic medicine was also introduced.