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城乡差距据统计,2002年城乡居民家庭人均收入相对差距为3.1倍,若包括政府对城镇居民的暗补,实际差距更大。在公共服务差距方面,城里的教育经费投资是政府支出为主,农村是农民自己投入为主。农村地区小学和中学危房率分别高达8.1%和6.0%;有半数以上的农村初中毕业生无法升学,西部地区还有327个县没有普及9年义务教育,其中60多个县还没有普及小学教育。城乡居民公共卫生资源分布差异甚大。1980年农村床位数占全国总数约为40%,1995年下降为27.6%。农村医院床位仍维持不足80万张的水平,而乡村人口净增7000万人;全国人口医疗保险覆盖率为20%,约有10亿人没有医疗保险,其中农村约有78680万人没有医疗保险;农村还有近1亿人口没有获得医疗服务,3000多万贫困人口得不到及时的医疗服务;1亿多人喝不上洁净水;近8%的婴幼儿没有享受免疫接种。
The gap between urban and rural According to statistics, the relative gap between per capita income of urban and rural households in 2002 was 3.1 times. If the government is included in the compensation for urban residents, the actual gap is even greater. In the public service gap, the city’s investment in education is mainly government spending, and the rural areas are mainly their own inputs. In rural areas, the rates of primary and secondary schools were as high as 8.1% and 6.0%, respectively; more than half of rural middle school graduates were unable to further their studies, and there were 327 counties in western China that did not have universal 9-year compulsory education, of which over 60 counties did not have universal primary education . The distribution of public health resources between urban and rural residents varies greatly. In 1980, the number of beds in rural areas accounted for about 40% of the national total and in 1995 it dropped to 27.6%. The number of hospital beds in rural hospitals still maintained at a level of less than 800,000, while the rural population increased by 70 million. The coverage rate of the national population medical insurance was 20%, and about 1 billion people did not have medical insurance. Among them, about 786.8 million people in rural areas did not have medical insurance Nearly 100 million people in rural areas have no access to medical services and more than 30 million needy people receive no timely medical services. More than 100 million people do not have access to clean water and nearly 8% of infants and young children do not have access to medical services.