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微RNA（miRNA）是一类由大约22个核糖核苷酸组成的非编码单链小 RNA分子，可在转录后水平实现对机体不同阶段基因表达的调控，广泛参与包括发育、免疫反应、造血、代谢等各种生命活动的调节。近年来，miRNA在抑郁症生理病理中的意义越来越受到关注，特别是在神经元的生成、神经可塑性、信号转导通路关键性元件的基因表达调控等方面发挥着重要作用。“,”MicroRNA(miRNA) is a kind of small RNAs with the length of approximately 22 nucleo-tides,which can regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level,and extensively participates in the reg-ulation of various life activities including growing development ,immune response,hematopoiesis and metabo-lism.In recent years,the role of miRNA in the pathophysiology of depression has attracted extensive atten-tion,especially in the neurogenesis,synaptic plasticity,and regulation of gene expression of critical compo-nents of signaling pathways.