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在过去的30多年,包括中国在内的许多国家都存在通过中央分权地方政府以促进经济发展的潮流。对相关理论和实践的研究变得日益重要,其内容包括梳理分权的概念与类型,探究分权促进经济发展的理论逻辑及其思想根源,以及评析分权研究中可能存在的方法论问题。研究发现,尽管分权改革得到了世界银行在内的国际组织与许多学者的支持,但目前对于分权能否真正通过引入地方竞争机制来保护市场并推动经济的长久发展并无定论。包括“市场保护型联邦制”在内的诸多分权理论普遍存在对市场建设的制度环境进行过度假设的问题,如此分权与经济发展之间的因果关系被或多或少地扭曲了。
In the past 30 years or so many countries, including China, have adopted the trend of decentralizing local governments to promote economic development. The research on related theories and practices is becoming more and more important. The content includes the concept and type of decentralization, the theoretical logic and ideological roots of decentralization to promote economic development, and the possible methodological problems in the study of decentralization. The study found that although the decentralization reform was supported by many international organizations and many scholars including the World Bank, at present it is inconclusive whether the decentralization can really protect the market and promote the long-term economic development by introducing a local competition mechanism. Many decentralization theories, including the “market-protected federalism,” have generally assumed excessive hypotheses on the institutional environment for market construction, so that the causal link between decentralization and economic development is more or less distorted .