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【目的】了解西安市城区儿童、青少年超重和肥胖的发病情况。【方法】随机整群抽取西安市城区7～18岁中小学生13 994人,采用体质指数(body mass index,BMI)诊断超重和肥胖。采用三次样条对西安市7～18岁儿童青少年体重、身高和BMI百分位数进行拟合,将身高,体重P50,及BMI的P85、P95百分位数值与2005年中国全国标准进行比较。【结果】西安市城区7～18岁中小学生超重总发病率为10.42%,男生和女生分别为11.85%和8.83%;肥胖总发病率为4.67%,男生和女生分别为4.92%和4.40%。男生身高P50值在10～15岁(除12岁)比全国标准稍低,男女体重和女生身高P50中位数与全国数值基本接近;男生BMI的P85、P95数值与2005年全国水平基本接近;女生P85和P95值在14岁以前与全国水平基本接近,15岁后有所减低。【结论】西安市中小学肥胖发病率在17年间增加了一倍,制定预防儿童超重和肥胖的有效措施势在必行。
【Objective】 To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Xi’an city. 【Method】 A total of 13 994 primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years in Xi’an urban area were randomly selected. Body mass index (BMI) was used to diagnose overweight and obesity. The cubic spline was used to fit the body weight, height and BMI percentile of adolescents aged 7-18 in Xi’an. The height and weight P50 and the P85 and P95 percentiles of BMI were compared with those of China’s national standard in 2005 . 【Results】 The total prevalence of overweight among primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years in Xi’an was 10.42%, with boys and girls 11.85% and 8.83% respectively. The overall incidence of obesity was 4.67% and 4.92% and 4.40% respectively for boys and girls. The P50 value of boys’ body height was slightly lower than the national standard from 10 to 15 years old (except for 12 years old). The median of male and female body weight and the height of female students’ P50 were close to the national figures. The P85 and P95 values of male students’ BMI were basically close to the national level in 2005; Girls P85 and P95 values before the age of 14 close to the national level, after 15 years of age has been reduced. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of obesity in primary and secondary schools in Xi’an has doubled in 17 years. It is imperative to make effective measures to prevent overweight and obesity in children.