论文部分内容阅读
基于2013年湖南省高考地理学科考生的数据统计,结合日常教学和教研的真实情况,课题组对考生地理学习水平给予评价,并在此基础上为中学地理教学提出了改进建议。2013年,湖南省文科综合地理学科得分率为54.75%,鉴别指数为0.27,各项指标比较客观地反映了各层次考生的实际水平,示范性高中和非示范性高中之间的考生水平存在一定差距,各市州之间考生总体水平比较接近。从主、客观题得分率来看,2013年高考地理客观题得分率是湖南省采用高考新课标卷以来得分最高的一年,主观题得分率比2012年低了约10个百分点。从知识结构来看,必修一自然地理和必修二人文地理是高考考查两大核心内容,地理原理和规律的应用是知识考查的重点。自然地理和区域地理内容是学生知识掌握中的两块短板,地理教学在关注主干知识的同时,也要注意地理事物和现象的特例与个别差异。从认知能力结构来看,理解和应用能力是高考的考查重点,2013年高考地理考查最多的是获取和解读信息能力,然而,考生调动和运用知识、描述和阐释问题等能力的考核明显不足,与示范性高中相比,非示范性高中考生在能力表现方面差距较大。基于典型试题的分析,课题组对考生答题中反映的教学问题进行了归因和对策分析。最后,本报告针对湖南省中学地理教学提出了五方面的建议。
Based on the statistics of college entrance exam candidates in Hunan province in 2013 and the real situation of daily teaching and research, the research team evaluated the geography learning level of the candidates and put forward some suggestions for the improvement of geography teaching in middle school. In 2013, Hunan Province’s liberal arts geography score was 54.75% with a discrimination index of 0.27. The indicators objectively reflected the actual level of candidates at all levels. There was a certain level of candidates among the demonstration high school and non-demonstration high schools Gaps, the overall level of candidates between cities and states are relatively close. From the main objective score of objective questions, 2013 college entrance examination geography objective score is the highest score in Hunan Province since the adoption of the new college entrance examination marking the highest score, the subjective question score was lower than in 2012 about 10 percentage points. From the perspective of knowledge structure, compulsory one natural geography and compulsory two human geography is the two core content of college entrance examination test, the application of geographical principles and laws is the focus of knowledge test. Natural geography and regional geography content are two shortcomings in students’ knowledge mastery. Geography teaching should pay attention to the special cases and individual differences of geography things and phenomena while paying attention to the backbone knowledge. From the perspective of cognitive ability structure, comprehension and application abilities are the key points in examinations of college entrance examination. In 2013, the most geo-examination of college entrance examinations is the ability to acquire and interpret information. However, appraisers such as examiners’ ability to mobilize and use knowledge, describe and explain problems are obviously insufficient , Non-demonstrative high school students have a greater gap in their performance than their model high schools. Based on the analysis of the typical test questions, the research team attributed the teaching problems reflected in the candidates’ answers and countermeasures. Finally, this report proposes five suggestions for geography teaching in secondary schools in Hunan Province.