在语言大战中战胜对手的方法很简单:千万不要用对方已经不断重复强调的关键词。我在伯克利大学认知科学基础课上讲框架时,总是先叫学生做个练习。练习内容是这样的:别想大象!你做什么都行,就是别想大象。我还从来没发现有学生能做到这件事。每一个词汇都跟大象一样,唤起了框架;而框架又涉及一种形象,或是其他类型的知识:大象体格庞大,有蒲扇般的大耳朵、长长的鼻子,马戏团里有大象等等。这 The way to beat your opponent in a language war is simple: do not use keywords that your opponent has repeatedly emphasized. When I speak at the Berkeley Foundation for Cognitive Science, I always start with a student. Practice is this: Do not think of elephants! Do whatever you do, just do not think of elephants. I have never noticed that there are students who can do it. Every word evoke the same frame as an elephant, and the frame involves an image or other type of knowledge: a large elephant with big, big-leaf-like ears, a long nose and a large circus Like and so on. This