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世界贸易组织的成立及其规则和制度的不断完善,使传统的关税壁垒明显减少,其作用也受到限制。但在国际贸易竞争日益激烈的今天,各国特别是发达国家为了维护其自身的经济利益,以各种名义实施新的贸易保护措施,逃避世界多边贸易体制的约束。据世界贸易组织的估计,20世纪90年代以来,发达国家采用的以非关税壁垒为主的新贸易保护措施达十余类,三千多项。由于非关税壁垒在一定程度上得到世界贸易组织的认可,运用非关税手段保护国内市场已经成为世界各国的普遍做法,因此,非关税壁垒成为中国“入世”后扩大外贸出口遭遇到的最主要壁垒。成功突破和有效应对国外的非关税壁垒,对于提高浙江省国际竞争力和扩大产品出口具有重要意义。
The establishment of the World Trade Organization and the continuous improvement of its rules and systems have markedly reduced the traditional tariff barriers and their role has also been limited. However, with the increasingly fierce competition in international trade, all countries, especially the developed countries, have implemented new trade protection measures under various names and escaped the constraints of the world’s multilateral trade system in the name of safeguarding their own economic interests. According to the estimates of the World Trade Organization, since the 1990s, the number of new trade protection measures adopted by developed countries, mainly on non-tariff barriers, has reached over 10 and over 3,000. As non-tariff barriers have been approved by the World Trade Organization to a certain extent, using non-tariff means to protect the domestic market has become a common practice in all countries in the world. Therefore, non-tariff barriers have become the most important barrier encountered by China in expanding its exports after its accession to the WTO . Successfully breaking through and effectively coping with non-tariff barriers abroad is of great significance to enhancing Zhejiang’s international competitiveness and expanding its exports.