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公平与效率是一个经典的公共政策目标的权衡问题。农村中小学布局调整尽管不是解决教育公平与效率的唯一途径,但公平与效率是政府推进布局调整在政策选择上的主要依据或追求目标。因此,如何正确处理公平与效率的关系,是农村中小学布局调整过程中必须高度注意和慎重处理的问题。本文基于对中西部地区的湖北、河南、广西、云南、陕西和内蒙古6个省(自治区)38个县(市)177个乡(镇)中小学布局调整的调查,从理论和实践相结合的角度,对农村中小学布局调整的目的、成效及问题进行了分析和探讨,并就在布局调整过程中如何兼顾公平与效率问题提出了相应的对策思路。
Fairness and efficiency are the trade-offs of a classic public policy goal. Although the primary and secondary schools in rural areas are not the only way to solve the problem of education fairness and efficiency, fairness and efficiency are the main basis or goal of the government to promote the layout adjustment in policy choice. Therefore, how to correctly handle the relationship between fairness and efficiency is a problem that must be paid great attention and carefully handled in the process of rural primary and secondary school education. Based on a survey of the adjustment of primary and secondary schools in 177 townships (townships) in 38 counties (cities) of 6 provinces (autonomous regions) in central and western regions of Hubei, Henan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, this paper, based on a combination of theory and practice Perspectives, the purpose, effectiveness and problems of rural primary and secondary school layout adjustment are analyzed and discussed, and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward on how to balance the issues of fairness and efficiency in the process of layout adjustment.