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对于各国铁路部门来说,煤炭是一项大宗货物。苏联生产的煤炭,几乎全部经过铁路运运,苏联铁路有40%主要是为运输煤炭而建设的,1975年苏联铁路煤炭运输量为七亿吨。1976年美国铁路发送煤4.37亿吨,为全国煤运量的74.2%。美国、苏联、西德等国铁路煤运量占总货运量的20%以上。美国铁路运煤占用全国铁道车辆总数的20%,苏联铁路运煤占用敝车总数的40%。尽管如此,上述国家有时还因运煤车辆短缺而影响煤炭生产。从世界几个主要产煤国来看,铁路运煤以通用敞车、专用敞车和无盖漏斗车为常见。为了降低运输成本,上述国家都在可能的条件下,增大车辆容积,提高车辆载重。50年代末和
For all railway departments, coal is a large commodity. Almost all of the coal produced by the Soviet Union was transported by rail. Forty percent of the Soviet railway was mainly built for the transportation of coal. In 1975, the Soviet railway transported 700 million tons of coal. In 1976, the United States Railway sent 437 million tons of coal, which was 74.2% of the country’s coal transportation. The United States, the Soviet Union, West Germany and other countries accounted for more than 20% of the total volume of coal transport. U.S. railroad coal occupies 20% of the total number of railways in the country and the Soviet Union railroad coal occupies 40% of the total number of mass cars. Nonetheless, these countries sometimes affect coal production due to a shortage of coal vehicles. From several major coal-producing countries in the world, the coal transportation by rail is common with gondola cars, gondola cars and hopper-free hoppers. In order to reduce the transportation cost, all the above countries increase the vehicle volume and increase the vehicle load under the possible conditions. Late 1950s