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在英语中,一般情况下,动词是及物动词或“动词 介词(副词)”后有宾语的主动语态都能变为被动语态。但是,被动语态的使用频率远不及主动语态的使用频率高,有一些动词虽然是及物的,在下列情况下却不宜用被动语态。
一、一些表示状态或某种关系的及物动词,如fit, suit, have, cost, last, own等,不宜用被动语态。例如:
1. The blouse fits her very well. 这件衬衫她穿着很合身。
2. Does the climate suit your health? 你的身体适应这样的气候吗?
3. We’ll have a meeting tomorrow. 我们将在明天开会。
提示板:①若将第3句改为被动语态,只能将动词改为hold,即“A meeting will be held tomorrow.”,不能用have的被动语态,即不能说“A meeting will be had tomorrow.”。②当have表示“得到、买到”时,可用被动语态。例如:This book may be had at any bookstore. 这本书可以在任何书店买到。
二、由“动词 宾语”构成的短语动词,是不可分割的整体时,不宜用被动语态,常见的有make a face, take place, keep one’s word(守信), break one’s word(失信), keep time(准时)等短语动词。例如:
The naughty boy made a face in class. 那个顽皮的男孩在班上做鬼脸。
He has broken his word many times. 他已经多次食言了。
三、宾语是反身代词、相互代词或宾语中含有物主代词,且这一物主代词指代主语时,不宜用被动语态。如:
1. I can’t express myself in English. 我不能用英语表达我自己。
2. They looked after each other for years. 他们彼此照顾数年。
3. The woman shook her head. 那女人摇了摇头。
四、宾语是从句、不定式、动名词短语或形式宾语时,不宜通过直接将主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语的方式变为被动语态。例如:
1. I don’t think that he is right. 我认为他不对。
2. She didn’t expect to meet Jack there. 她没料到在那儿碰到了杰克。
3. He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words. 听了这话他啼笑皆非。
4. I enjoy reading very much. 我非常喜欢读书。
5. We found it useful to learn a foreign language. 我们发现学一门外语是有用的。
五、祈使句一般不用被动语态。因为其动作的执行者you是明确的,被省略。例如:
Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。
六、某些及物动词如leave, enter, join, reach等所跟宾语表示处所、地点或组织时,不宜用被动语态。例如:
1. My father left that city five years ago. 我父亲五年前离开了那座城市。
2. Han Mei’s brother joined the army two months ago. 韩梅的哥哥两个月前参军了。
七、宾语是表示数量、长度、大小或程度的词或词组时,不宜用被动语态。例如:
They paid five yuan for these tomatoes. 他们买这些西红柿花了五元钱。
一、一些表示状态或某种关系的及物动词,如fit, suit, have, cost, last, own等,不宜用被动语态。例如:
1. The blouse fits her very well. 这件衬衫她穿着很合身。
2. Does the climate suit your health? 你的身体适应这样的气候吗?
3. We’ll have a meeting tomorrow. 我们将在明天开会。
提示板:①若将第3句改为被动语态,只能将动词改为hold,即“A meeting will be held tomorrow.”,不能用have的被动语态,即不能说“A meeting will be had tomorrow.”。②当have表示“得到、买到”时,可用被动语态。例如:This book may be had at any bookstore. 这本书可以在任何书店买到。
二、由“动词 宾语”构成的短语动词,是不可分割的整体时,不宜用被动语态,常见的有make a face, take place, keep one’s word(守信), break one’s word(失信), keep time(准时)等短语动词。例如:
The naughty boy made a face in class. 那个顽皮的男孩在班上做鬼脸。
He has broken his word many times. 他已经多次食言了。
三、宾语是反身代词、相互代词或宾语中含有物主代词,且这一物主代词指代主语时,不宜用被动语态。如:
1. I can’t express myself in English. 我不能用英语表达我自己。
2. They looked after each other for years. 他们彼此照顾数年。
3. The woman shook her head. 那女人摇了摇头。
四、宾语是从句、不定式、动名词短语或形式宾语时,不宜通过直接将主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语的方式变为被动语态。例如:
1. I don’t think that he is right. 我认为他不对。
2. She didn’t expect to meet Jack there. 她没料到在那儿碰到了杰克。
3. He didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words. 听了这话他啼笑皆非。
4. I enjoy reading very much. 我非常喜欢读书。
5. We found it useful to learn a foreign language. 我们发现学一门外语是有用的。
五、祈使句一般不用被动语态。因为其动作的执行者you是明确的,被省略。例如:
Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。
六、某些及物动词如leave, enter, join, reach等所跟宾语表示处所、地点或组织时,不宜用被动语态。例如:
1. My father left that city five years ago. 我父亲五年前离开了那座城市。
2. Han Mei’s brother joined the army two months ago. 韩梅的哥哥两个月前参军了。
七、宾语是表示数量、长度、大小或程度的词或词组时,不宜用被动语态。例如:
They paid five yuan for these tomatoes. 他们买这些西红柿花了五元钱。