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为了解不同自然定居植被对铁尾矿土壤微生物的影响,本研究以马兰庄铁尾矿自然定居的8种植被为对象,采用平板法和PCR-DGGE法研究了0~20cm土壤微生物的数量、酶活性和微生物多样性,并与未生长任何植被的尾矿砂对比。结果表明:不同植被下土壤微生物的数量不同,但都是细菌>放线菌>真菌。不同植被的尾矿砂土壤酶活性不同,但是紫穗槐在转化酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的酶活性均高于其他植被。PCR-DGGE聚类分析结果表明,不同的植被恢复模式造成土壤微生物的生物多样性不同,酸藦(Rumex acetosa)、白杨(Populus tomentosa)和沙地柏(Sabina vulgaris)的微生物多样性最高。因此,在对铁尾矿进行生态恢复时必须综合考虑不同植物不同的生态效益。
In order to understand the effects of different natural habitats on soil micro-organism in iron tailings, 8 natural vegetation of Malanzhuang iron tailings was studied in this study. The number of 0-20 cm soil microbes was studied by plate method and PCR-DGGE method. Enzyme activity and microbial diversity, and compared with the tailing sands without any vegetation. The results showed that the quantity of soil microorganisms under different vegetation types was different, but all were bacteria> actinomyces> fungi. The enzyme activities of invertase, catalase, urease and phosphatase of Amorpha fruticosa were higher than those of other vegetation in different vegetation tailings. The results of PCR-DGGE clustering analysis showed that the diversity of soil microorganisms was different due to different vegetation restoration patterns, and the highest microbial diversity was in Rumex acetosa, Populus tomentosa and Sabina vulgaris. Therefore, ecological restoration of iron tailings must take into account the different ecological benefits of different plants.