近年来,免疫学、细胞生物学、遗传学和分子生物学等学科知识和技术的迅速发展,为人们深入研究肾脏疾病的发病机理和寻找更为理想和有效的治疗方法奠定了基础。随着肾脏细胞体外培养技术的建立和日益成熟,使我们对肾脏不同细胞通过自分泌或旁分泌等机制产生的多种细胞因子以及相关的调节机制,对在模拟病理条件下细胞的增殖状态以及细胞外基质的产生等方面的认识有了长足的进展。但是,肾脏细胞在体内的情况要比在体外复杂很多,例如,细胞-细胞,细胞-细胞外基质和细胞-细胞因子之间的相互作用是一个十分复杂的网络系统,单凭体外细胞培养的方法很难对上述问题进行全面的阐述。基因转移技术的发展不仅使研究一种基因在某一特定细胞中过度表达的结果及其调节机制成为可能,而且,转基因动物还为观察某一目的基因过度表达或被阻断后对机体的影响提供 In recent years, the rapid development of such disciplines as immunology, cell biology, genetics and molecular biology has laid a foundation for further research on the pathogenesis of kidney disease and the search for more ideal and effective treatments. With the establishment and maturation of renal cell culture technology in vitro, we have carried out a variety of cytokines and their related regulatory mechanisms on different cells in the kidney through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, The development of extracellular matrix and other aspects of awareness has made considerable progress. However, kidney cells are much more complicated in vivo than in vitro. For example, the interaction between cell-cell, extracellular matrix, and cell-cytokine is a very complex network system that is based solely on in vitro cell culture Method is difficult to fully explain the above issues. The development of gene transfer technology not only makes it possible to study the result of overexpression of a gene in a particular cell and its regulatory mechanism, but also to observe the effect on the body of a transgenic animal after it is overexpressed or blocked provide