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刑事见证一直被当作一个技术性问题而为我国诉讼法学界所忽视,其所蕴涵的监督制约价值和诉讼证明功能尚未被人们充分认识。我国现有的刑事见证规范不但内容粗疏,而且见证与否对相关的侦查行为及由此所取得的证据材料不产生任何法律效力,从而导致权力滥用和制度变形,这不但与程序正义相背离,而且妨害实体真实的发现。对公权力过分信任的政治哲学、“重实体、轻程序”的法律文化以及偏重于惩罚犯罪的诉讼目的等,都影响了制度的精细化设计及其应然功能的发挥。无论是顺应证明模式转型的发展趋势还是基于程序法定原则的内在要求,抑或是保障证据证明力及侦查程序正当性的要求,均需要我们重新审视刑事见证问题。只有把见证人见证作为一项独立的诉讼行为予以制度完善并赋予其一定的法律效力,刑事见证才能实现从技术到制度的转变。
Criminal testimony has always been regarded as a technical issue for the negligence of the litigation jurisprudence in our country. Its supervisory and control value and litigation proving function have not been fully recognized by people. The existing norms of criminal testimony in our country not only have loose content but also have no legal effect on the related investigation and evidence obtained therefrom, resulting in abuse of power and system distortion. This not only departs from procedural justice, But also hinder the real discovery of the entity. The political philosophy of excessive trust in public power, the legal culture of “heavy entities, light procedures,” and the emphasis on the purpose of punishing crimes have all affected the elaborate system design and its due functions. Whether it is conforming to the development trend proving the mode transformation or the internal requirement based on the legal principle of the procedure, or the requirement of guaranteeing the evidence proof power and the legitimacy of the investigation procedure, we all need to reexamine the issue of criminal witness. Only witness testimony as an independent litigation to improve the system and give it a certain legal effect, criminal witness in order to achieve from technology to system change.