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肾纤维化是在慢性肾脏病(CKD)进展过程中多种细胞外基质广泛沉积的结果,是CKD发展的终末阶段,患者常常需要透析或者进行肾脏移植来维持生命.肾纤维化发生的细胞及分子生物学机制目前尚不十分明确,可能与细胞内一系列细胞增殖相关的信号通路的活化、microRNA的作用、细胞的凋亡和继发性坏死、肾脏中的肌成纤维细胞的异常分化与重构有关.因而研究肾纤维化发病机制的研究进展,特别是调控细胞增殖及纤维化发生分子生物学机制及肾肌成纤维细胞的重构和异常分化对肾纤维化的影响很有意义.“,”Renal fibrosis is due to the extensive deposition of extracellular matrix in the process of chronic kidney disease (CKD).It is the terminal phase of CKD.Patients usually require dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain lives.The cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis remains unclear which,may involved a series of the cell signaling pathway activation,the role of microRNA,apoptosis and secondary necrosis,the abnormal differentiation and reconfiguration of muscle fibroblasts and so on.We review the mechanisms of renal fibrosis in recent years,especially focuning on the regulation of cell proliferation and fibrosis,kidney myofibroblast refactoring and abnormal differentiation.