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儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶(COMT)是内源基因表达的二相代谢酶,由22号染色体表达。主要将S-腺苷甲硫氨酸上的甲基转移至底物的羟基上,使底物的一个羟基甲基化。COMT在体内的主要作用是代谢儿茶酚类的化合物,例如:多巴胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、雌二醇等化合物,此外还能代谢体外通过饮食及药物摄入的儿茶酚类化合物。由于COMT在体内与化合物的代谢密切相关,COMT代谢失常能够引起很多疾病或者罹患疾病的风险增加,例如:帕金森病、精神分裂症、乳腺癌等疾病。本综述通过阐述COMT代谢紊乱引起的疾病尝试说明COMT与其相关疾病之间的联系,旨在能够对COMT代谢相关疾病提供有效的治疗方法。
Catechol oxygen methyltransferase (COMT) is a two-phase metabolic enzyme that expresses endogenous genes and is expressed on chromosome 22. The methyl group on the S-adenosylmethionine is mainly transferred to the hydroxyl group of the substrate, and one of the substrates is hydroxy-methylated. The main role of COMT in the body is to metabolize catechol compounds such as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, estradiol and other compounds, in addition to metabolism of catechols in vitro through diet and drug intake . As COMT is closely linked to the metabolism of compounds in vivo, aberrant COMT metabolism can lead to an increased risk of many diseases or diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, breast cancer and the like. This review seeks to illustrate the link between COMT and its associated diseases by describing the disease caused by the metabolic disorder of COMT and aims to provide an effective treatment for COMT metabolic-related diseases.