A case with an Alpha-fetoprotein-producing(AFP-producing) carcinoma originating from the rectum was described.A 41-year-old man,who underwent a palliative surgery for rectal carcinoma,was diagnosed with occupying liver lesions and a remarkable AFP elevation(3484.61 ng/mL),and the AFP declined obviously 10 days after the palliative surgery.So we carried out a biopsy of the liver lesions.The histopathology was reported as low differentiation adenocarcinoma.The immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells via liver biopsy showed:Villin,CDX-2 was positive,Glypican-3 was partial positive,CK7,CK20,AFP,Hepatocyte were all negative.The initial histopathology was reported as an AFP-producing rectum adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis,which was a rare disease.So far,only 17 reports,none has been reported in China.Then,we summarize the characteristic of the disease:diagnosed with hepatic metastasis,raised serum AFP and a poor outcome,in addition to primary symptoms.This kind of disease is highly malignant. A case with an Alpha-fetoprotein-producing (AFP-producing) carcinoma originating from the rectum was described. A 41-year-old man, who underwent a palliative surgery for rectal carcinoma, was diagnosed with occupying liver lesions and a remarkable AFP elevation (3484.61 ng / mL), and the AFP declined obviously 10 days after the palliative surgery. So we carried out a biopsy of the liver lesions. The histopathology was reported as low differentiation adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells via liver biopsy showed: Villin, CDX-2 was positive, Glypican-3 was partial positive, CK7, CK20, AFP, Hepatocyte were all negative. The initial histopath was was reported as an AFP-producing rectum adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis, which was a rare disease. So far , only 17 reports, none has been reported in China. Chen, we summarize the characteristic of the disease: diagnosed with hepatic metastasis, raised serum AFP and a poor outcome, in addition to primary symptoms. This kind of disease is highly mali gnant.