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侦查是刑事诉讼的开始,分析和研究侦查阶段刑事错案的防范,具有从源头上预防和阻却刑事错案的重要意义。司法理念、司法运行和司法制度是司法的三个层面。侦查阶段防范刑事错案,在司法理念层面,应转变“有罪推定”的思想观、“命案必破”的政绩观、“口供主义”的取证观,将“无罪推定”、“疑罪从无”等现代司法理念融入执法办案的每一个环节。在司法运行层面,应规范讯问、辨认、物证的收集等具体侦查行为。在司法制度层面,建议在我国刑事诉讼法中确立沉默权制度,实现与“如实供述义务”之间的价值平衡;明确侦查讯问时辩护律师在场权,增大侦查活动透明度;完善和落实非法证据排除、侦查人员出庭作证等诉讼制度;加强侦查监督机制建设,强化检察机关对侦查活动的法律监督。
Investigation is the beginning of criminal proceedings. It is of great significance to analyze and study the prevention of misclassification of criminal cases in the investigation stage and to prevent and deter wrong miscarriage cases from the source. Judicial concept, judicial operation and judicial system are the three levels of judicature. At the stage of investigation, we should change the concept of “guilty presumption”, the view of achievement of “murder case must be broken”, and the concept of evidence collection of “confessionism” at the judicial concept level, “, ” No doubt “and other modern judicial concepts into law enforcement handling every aspect. At the level of judicial operation, we should regulate the specific investigation such as interrogation, identification and material evidence collection. At the level of judicial system, it is suggested that the system of right to silence be established in our criminal procedure law to realize the balance of value with ”truthful confession obligation"; to clarify the presence of defense counsel at the time of interrogation and to increase the transparency of investigation activities; to improve and implement Illegal evidence exclusion, investigators appearing in court to testify and other litigation system; strengthen the construction of investigation and supervision mechanism, and strengthen the procuratorial organs on the investigation of legal supervision.