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目的了解湖南省流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的分布特征规律。方法对湖南省2007-2013年网络直报系统报告的暴发疫情信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果湖南省2007-2013年共报告腮腺炎暴发事件87起,累计病例2 804例,0死亡。疫情多集中在3~6月和10月至次年1月。暴发疫情最多的地区为长沙市和娄底市。疫情涉及87所学校,其中乡镇小学(42所,占48.27%)、乡镇中学(19所,21.84%),均无医务室。最初报告疫情的单位主要是乡镇卫生院(56起,占64.37%)和学校(19起,占21.84%),按疫情首发病例的发病时间到疫情最先发现上报时间的差值(简称Dt)统计,学校和乡镇卫生院的Dt差异有统计学意义(P<0.036)。结论乡镇学校是腮腺炎暴发的主要场所,在提高疫苗接种率的同时,应加强农村学校医疗卫生建设,加强学校与基层医疗卫生机构的联系,使疫情及时被发现。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of mumps outbreak in Hunan Province. Methods The epidemiological information about the outbreaks reported in Hunan direct communication system from 2007 to 2013 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 87 mumps outbreaks were reported in Hunan Province from 2007 to 2013, with a total of 2 804 cases and 0 deaths. The epidemic concentrated in 3 to 6 months and October to January next year. Outbreaks of the epidemic areas in Changsha and Loudi. Outbreaks involved 87 schools, of which township primary schools (42, accounting for 48.27%), township secondary schools (19, 21.84%), there is no medical office. The initial reports of the outbreak were mainly township hospitals (56 cases, accounting for 64.37%) and schools (19 cases, accounting for 21.84%). The difference between the time when the first case was reported and the time when the case was first reported (referred to as Dt) Statistics, Dt difference between schools and township hospitals was statistically significant (P <0.036). Conclusions Township schools are the main place for the outbreak of mumps. At the same time of raising the vaccination rate, we should strengthen the medical and health care in rural schools and strengthen the links between schools and primary health care institutions so that the outbreaks can be found in time.