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清代勘灾制度始建于顺康朝,发展于雍正朝,完善于乾隆朝。它规定了勘灾期限,建立了卫所、粮庄勘灾及边勘边赈制度,明确了督抚勘灾职责,专门拨付勘灾费用,确定了完整的勘灾程序。康乾盛世时期勘灾制度的成功执行,验证了帝制时代灾赈制度的完善与高效。因传统社会缺乏化解、分担、防范社会风险的系统保障制度,不能消除各阶层的生存及发展危机,灾赈贪腐不可避免。以历史经验为基础,建立专门的灾赈机构及完善的保障系统,才能使灾赈制度及措施具有可持续性。
The system of reconnaissance and disaster relief in the Qing Dynasty was founded in Shunkang Dynasty and developed in the Yongzheng dynasty. It was perfected in the Qianlong dynasty. It stipulates the deadline for prospecting, establishes the Wei Dynasty and Zhuangzhuang exploration and disaster relief system, clarifies the supervisor’s responsibility for exploration and disasters, allocates funds for exploration and disasters, and determines the complete prospecting procedure. The successful implementation of the system of exploration and disaster during Kangxi and Heyday verified the perfection and efficiency of the system of disaster relief in the imperial era. Due to the lack of a system of social security system to resolve, share and prevent social risks in traditional society, the survival and development crisis of all social strata can not be eliminated, and corruption and corruption are inevitable. Based on historical experience, the establishment of a special disaster relief agency and a comprehensive safeguards system will make the disaster relief system and measures sustainable.