今年,十届全国人大二次会议通过了宪法修正案,其中一个重要内容是确立了紧急状态制度。紧急状态在各国宪法和法律上的描述虽然不尽一致,但内容大体近似,即“一种特别的、迫在眉睫的危机或危险局势,影响全体公民,并对整个社会的正常生活构成威胁”。一般来说,紧急状态有以下几个特征:必须是突然发生的现实危机或预期必然即 This year, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress passed an amendment to the constitution. An important part of this is the establishment of a state of emergency. Although the constitutional and legal descriptions of states of emergency are not uniform, the general outline is that “a special and imminent crisis or dangerous situation affects all citizens and poses a threat to the normal life of the entire community.” In general, there are several characteristics of a state of emergency: it must be a sudden, real crisis or an expected