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自2002年以来,中国政府开始重点关注民生建设,随后出现了一段社会政策快速扩张的时期。在此背景下,学者们开始讨论中国是否正在构建一个现代福利国家。根据对发展理念、制度建设、阶级力量和历史文化等因素的不同解读,关于“中国是否正在走向福利国家”出现了两派不同的看法。乐观派认为,随着社会政策的快速扩展,中国有可能走上一条有本土特色的福利国家道路;悲观派则认为,当下社会政策的扩展未必会构成一套完整的福利体系,进而建设中国“福利国家”。对这场学术争论进行反思,对于中国下一步的福利转型有着重要的启示。中国能否建立起统一的社会福利制度,决定性因素在于国家意图、政策能力和社会压力。
Since 2002, the Chinese government has started to focus on people’s livelihood, followed by a period of rapid social policy expansion. In this context, scholars began to discuss whether China is building a modern welfare state. According to different interpretations of the development concept, system construction, class strength and history and culture, two different views have emerged on whether China is moving toward a welfare state or not. Optimists believe that with the rapid expansion of social policies, China may embark on a national welfare state road; pessimists believe that the current expansion of social policy may not constitute a complete welfare system, and then build China “Welfare State.” Reflections on this academic debate have important implications for the next welfare transformation in China. Whether China can establish a unified social welfare system depends on the state’s intentions, policy capabilities and social pressures.