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儒家学说十分强调积极用世,以天下为己任。所以,个人身家性命要以国家兴亡为转移。个人修养、家庭建设都要为国家强盛、天下太平服务,这就是中国式的公益之善。重精神之“善”、轻物利之“善”,是中国善恶观的又一特色。“舍生取义”、“辨礼仪”、拒“万钟”是这种观点的集中体现。公益之善与精神之善是统一的,所以,中国知识分子大都追求“兼济”与“独善”的人生境界。这种善恶观促使中国文学美学推崇积极进取、乐观向上的创作精神。
Confucianism emphasizes the active use of the world and the responsibility of the world. Therefore, personal life should be based on the rise and fall of the country. Personal accomplishment and family-building must be strong for the country and serve the whole world peacefully. This is the goodness of Chinese-style public welfare. The “goodness” of the heavy spirit and the “goodness” of the lightness and benefit are yet another characteristic of the concept of good and evil in China. “Taking justice for justice,” “identifying rituals,” and rejecting “10,000 bells” are the concentrated expressions of this view. The goodness and goodness of commonweal are unified. Therefore, most Chinese intellectuals pursue the realm of “combining economy with solitude”. This view of good and evil urges Chinese literary aesthetics to embrace the creative spirit of being aggressive and optimistic.