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目的了解云南省德宏州正在接受国家免费高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)的HIV感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)食物摄入频率现状及其影响因素,为在该人群中进一步开展营养教育和营养支持工作提供科学依据。方法利用食物的摄入频率法,调查过去1年中病人各类食物的摄入频率和摄入量。计算膳食频率评分(总分32分),达到26分者判定为及格。结果 2015年12月至2016年1月,在某地HIV/AIDS病人定点就诊医院,调查18岁以上、接受HAART满1年的HIV/AIDS病人278例。粮谷类和大豆及坚果类人均每天摄入量比较合理,粮谷类人均摄入量达到(343.7±141.4)g/日,大豆及坚果类人均摄入量达到(43.8±45.0)g/日;蔬菜、水果、水产品、蛋类和奶制品类的人均每天摄入量则严重低于《中国居民平衡膳食宝塔》(简称“宝塔”)的推荐摄入量,蔬菜人均摄入量为(192.9±82.6)g/日,水果人均摄入量为(76.7土59.4)g/日,水产品人均摄入量为(12.6±27.8)g/日,蛋类人均摄入量为(27.4±43.7)g/日,奶制品人均摄入量为(26.9±153.2)g/日,均低于宝塔建议量;而畜禽肉类的人均摄入量为(146.9±85.3)g/日,高于宝塔建议量。仅19.8%的调查对象食物摄入频率得分达到及格。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、从HIV确诊阳性至启动HAART时间长度(≥1年),与食物摄入频率得分及格存在统计学关联(P<0.05)。结论 HIV/AIDS病人的膳食结构仍不合理,应加强针对该人群的营养知识宣传和普及。此外,应对部分HIV/AIDS病人,尤其是出现体重下降或免疫状况较差的病人提供营养支持。
Objective To understand the current status of food intake and its influencing factors in HIV-infected / AIDS patients (HIV / AIDS patients) under free and effective anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province. This population provides further scientific support for nutrition education and nutrition support. Methods The frequency of intake of food was used to investigate the frequency of intake and intake of various types of food in the past year. Calculate the meal frequency score (total score 32 points), up to 26 points were judged as passing. Results From December 2015 to January 2016, 278 HIV / AIDS patients over the age of 18 who received HAART for one year were investigated in designated hospitals for HIV / AIDS patients. Per capita daily intake of grain and soybeans and nuts was reasonable, per capita intake of cereals reached 343.7 ± 141.4 g / day, and that of soybean and nuts reached 43.8 ± 45.0 g / day. Vegetables Per capita daily intake of fruits, aquatic products, eggs and dairy products is significantly lower than the recommended intake of “Chinese residents balanced diet pagoda” (referred to as “pagoda”), the average per capita intake of vegetables is ( 192.9 ± 82.6) g / day, per capita intake of fruits was (76.7 ± 59.4) g / day, per capita intake of aquatic products was (12.6 ± 27.8) g / day and per capita intake of eggs was (27.4 ± 43.7 ) per day, the per capita intake of dairy products was (26.9 ± 153.2) g / day, which was lower than the recommended amount of pagoda; while the per capita intake of livestock and poultry meat was (146.9 ± 85.3) g / day, Pagoda recommended amount. Only 19.8% of the respondents reached the frequency of food intake frequency. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between education level and the time from HIV positive diagnosis to the initiation of HAART (≥1 year), and the frequency of food intake frequency (P <0.05). Conclusion The dietary structure of HIV / AIDS patients is still unreasonable, and the promotion and popularization of nutritional knowledge should be strengthened. In addition, nutritional support should be provided to some HIV / AIDS patients, especially those who experience weight loss or poor immune status.