一概述在民法法系国家,民法典是确立市场经济规则的基本法律文件。它一般包括物权法、合同法、损害赔偿法以及不当得利法等重要的法律部门。在一些民法法系国家,民法典也对商事主体、自然人的权利能力、监护、家庭关系、继承以及国际私法进行调整。随着苏联的解体,市场经济的复萌,在这些新近独立的国家中,较快地采用一部新的民法典,成为一种迫切的需要。由此而进行的一系列的努力的表现即为:《俄罗斯联邦民法典》的编纂,独联体成员国议会大会支持下的《示范民法典》的制定以及对《德国民法典》的翻译和移植。虽然所有的中欧亚国家都深受原苏联法律传统的影响,但在编纂法典的既有的专家数量、对于市场经济所持的态度以及接受外援影响的深浅程度上,各国间却存在着巨大的差别。同时,由于司法操作的娴熟程度、司法官员的清廉水平的不同,各国民法典在具体实际适用中也表现各异。提交给这些国家之外的仲裁法庭进行处理的涉及外国投资者的仲裁案件是适用民法典最多,也是最重要的一 An overview In civil law countries, civil code is the basic legal documents establishing the rules of the market economy. It generally includes important legal departments such as property law, contract law, damages law and unjust enrichment law. In some civil law countries, the Civil Code also regulates the rights of commercial entities, natural persons, guardianship, family relations, inheritance and private international law. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the resurgence of the market economy, the adoption of a new code of citizenship more quickly in these newly independent countries became an urgent need. The ensuing series of efforts are represented by the codification of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the development of the Model Civil Code supported by the Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS member states, and the translation of the German Civil Code transplant. Although all Central and Eurasian countries are deeply influenced by the traditions of the Soviet Union, the number of existing experts in codifying the Code, the attitude toward the market economy and the depth of the influence of foreign aid are enormous difference. At the same time, because of the degree of judicial operation and the different levels of integrity of judicial officials, the civil codes of different countries also perform differently in their specific practical application. The arbitration cases involving foreign investors, which are submitted to the arbitral tribunals outside these countries, are the most important and most important one to apply to the Civil Code