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苹果是多年生落叶果树,为异花授粉植物,多数品种自交不孕,而且生育期长,几乎不能通过自交获得纯系。通过花药培养可以得到单倍体植株,再进行染色体加倍获得纯合的二倍体植株,这样有可能在短期内得到具有各种基因类型的纯系。利用这些纯系进行配合力测定,找出具有优势的杂交组合,以期获得高产、质优、抗性强的新品种,而且利用纯系可以搞清苹果主要经济性状的遗传规律,指导人工杂交育种,提高对杂交后代的预见性。这些可以大大缩短苹果的育种年限,为苹果育种开辟一条新的途径。
Apple is a perennial deciduous fruit tree, cross-pollinated plants, most varieties of self-fertility, and long growth period, almost impossible to obtain by selfing pure lines. Haploid plants can be obtained by anther culture and then doubled to obtain homozygous diploid plants, thus making it possible to obtain pure lines of various genotypes in a short period of time. Using these pure lines to determine the combining ability, we can find out the superior hybrid combinations to obtain new varieties with high yield, high quality and strong resistance, and using the pure lines to understand the genetic laws of the main economic traits of apple and guide the artificial breeding , Improve the predictability of hybrids. These can greatly shorten the breeding time of the apple and open up a new way for apple breeding.