论文部分内容阅读
各省份的高考试题中，作文占有重要地位，但这一板块得分悬殊，有的考生可以拿满分，有的则为十几分，有的甚至是零分。实际上，影响作文得分的主要因素有三个：卷面干净整洁、要点全面、词汇表达丰富而准确。接下来，我们就来看看如何从一轮复习的常规复习资料——课本入手，让我们在过词汇、语法关的同时，也能有效地提升自己的写作能力。
结合Reading，读中促写、读中悟写
阅读是输入，写作是输出，读写结合是用输入带动输出的有效方式。推荐同学们使用以下4种方法：
1. 诵读/背诵
学习语言，不可以“理”代悟。诵读、背诵看似简单、死板，没什么技术含量，却可以引导我们从感性上和整体上去认识、体验、消化、吸收佳作的精髓，为写作积累灵感和素材。在一轮复习中，高中三年的课本往往是主要复习材料，教材可作为语言积累的原材料、语篇分析好素材和语言运用的活载体，有许多我们可以借鉴学习之处。例如人教版必修1第四单元的文本A night the earth didn’t sleep，从标题、衔接、表达方面都有很多值得我们学习的地方，大家就可以通过大量诵读和背诵来充分感悟和积累。
2. 缩写
缩写要求我们删繁就简地表达文本的主干信息。在这个过程中，我们不仅内化了文本信息，也进一步让自己的表达能力得到了锻练。例如，必修3第4单元的How life began on the earth是一篇说明文，通过缩写，我们一方面可以截取重要信息，从而更好地把握文章结构，也可以在这个过程中大量练习本单元的语法项目（名词性从句）。比如，我们可以这样缩写这篇文章：
How life came into being is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists find it hard to solve. As is explained in a widely accepted theory， the universe began with a big bang that threw matters in all directions and remained a cloud of dust for the following years. What the future may have in store for the earth was uncertain until it settled into a solid globe which exploded in time to produce atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down， water began to appear on the surface. Water， which seems so simple， is what makes life possible. The continued presence of water makes it possible to dissolve harmful gases， thus producing a chain reaction and boosting life to develop.
3. 仿写
针对单元阅读文本，我们要学会运用好五度审美：
（1）标题立意美。学会图文结合，解读标题；
（2）篇章结构美。学会区别文体，精炼提纲；
（3）超级链接美。学会确定段意，衔接过渡；
（4）内涵深韵美。学会深层理解，领悟内涵；
（5）好词佳句美。学会语言赏析，积累优质表达。例如，在必修1第三单元的阅读文本Journey down the Mekong中，我们可以发现其中的好词佳句，便可仿写相似的游记类作文，并练习替代词汇的使用。
My Journey to the West
Ever since childhood I have loved（have been fond of） the book Journey to the West. After leaving（graduating from） college， I determined to take my journey to the west with my good friends. My parents were concerned about（cared about）me. They thought that we couldn’t forecast what would happen. They advised（tried to persuade）me to give up my plan （change my mind）. But I was determined. I told them that I could make use of this chance to recognize my strengths and weaknesses（shortcomings）. Besides， I have taken out insurance to cover any problems. At last（Finally） they had to change their attitude（give in）. We have made our plan（schedule）carefully. We like cycling better than（prefer cycling to） driving. The problem（disadvantage） of traveling by bike is that we can’t take a large parcel. 4. 拓写
2016年湖北高考将开始采用全国卷。全国卷与湖北卷差异较大的一个题型便是作文。全国卷考题作文多为应用文，如书信、广告、看图描述类，强调语言学习在日常生活中的工具性。所以，在一轮复习中，我们可以结合单元文本穿插进行一些应用文的写作训练。例如，必修6第五单元The Power of Nature的阅读文本是一位火山学家对其日常工作的介绍，我们可以结合职业这个话题来进行求职信的写作训练。
假设你的名字叫李华，今年18岁，想利用暑假打工，你在报纸上看到了某咖啡厅的招聘广告。请根据报纸内容写一封120～150字的求职信。
在写作过程中，我们需要明确求职信这种体裁的特点。求职信所用的语言应该相对正式，在写作过程中一定要注意用词简洁准确，语气礼貌而又自信。此外，求职信一般包括以下几个方面的内容：首先阐述清楚招聘信息的来源，以及所申请的职位；其次简述个人信息；然后进一步强调自己的能力，表达抱负，并请求给予面试机会。
Dear Sir，
I would like to apply for the position of a part-time waiter， as was advertised in the newspaper. I am eighteen-year-old student studying at Senior High school.
As the summer vacation is approaching， I hope to get a job to help me to gain some social experience as well as enrich my life. I’m available during the week so I have enough time for the work. I once worked as a waiter for three months in a fast-food restaurant in my spare time， and I’m sure the working experience will qualify me for the position.
I am outgoing， friendly as well as helpful， which I think will help me a lot in dealing with different customers. Besides， I can play the piano and it can surely build up a warmer and more friendly atmosphere. I would be available for an interview at any time and I am looking forward to your reply.
yours，
Li Hua
结合Grammar， 用中促写
语法复习要在真实的语境中，以情景为载体，培养我们的语法意识，感知语言表达的准确性。例如，必修2第4单元的语法项目是现在进行时的被动语态，单元话题是野生动物保护。通过下面的语篇填词操练，我们不仅可以更好地在语境中感知现在进行时的被动语态的功能和用法，也可以熟悉野生动植物保护这一话题的相关词汇和表达方式。
Pandas are the mascot of WWF and are being protected （protect） both by WWF and the Chinese government. However， they are not the only animals in danger. Other endangered species are being discovered （discover） in China by WWF on a regular basis. One example is the porpoise （江豚） in the Yangtze River. They are now being studied （now study） as their numbers decrease. Another is the tiger in Northeast China， which is being observed （observe） because it is almost extinct.
Over the years WWF has won many prizes for its work， but now it will be given the task of presenting prizes of its own. Prizes will be given to the organizations that protect wildlife well. People in the world are being encouraged （encourage） to give more importance to wildlife.
结合Reading，读中促写、读中悟写
阅读是输入，写作是输出，读写结合是用输入带动输出的有效方式。推荐同学们使用以下4种方法：
1. 诵读/背诵
学习语言，不可以“理”代悟。诵读、背诵看似简单、死板，没什么技术含量，却可以引导我们从感性上和整体上去认识、体验、消化、吸收佳作的精髓，为写作积累灵感和素材。在一轮复习中，高中三年的课本往往是主要复习材料，教材可作为语言积累的原材料、语篇分析好素材和语言运用的活载体，有许多我们可以借鉴学习之处。例如人教版必修1第四单元的文本A night the earth didn’t sleep，从标题、衔接、表达方面都有很多值得我们学习的地方，大家就可以通过大量诵读和背诵来充分感悟和积累。
2. 缩写
缩写要求我们删繁就简地表达文本的主干信息。在这个过程中，我们不仅内化了文本信息，也进一步让自己的表达能力得到了锻练。例如，必修3第4单元的How life began on the earth是一篇说明文，通过缩写，我们一方面可以截取重要信息，从而更好地把握文章结构，也可以在这个过程中大量练习本单元的语法项目（名词性从句）。比如，我们可以这样缩写这篇文章：
How life came into being is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists find it hard to solve. As is explained in a widely accepted theory， the universe began with a big bang that threw matters in all directions and remained a cloud of dust for the following years. What the future may have in store for the earth was uncertain until it settled into a solid globe which exploded in time to produce atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down， water began to appear on the surface. Water， which seems so simple， is what makes life possible. The continued presence of water makes it possible to dissolve harmful gases， thus producing a chain reaction and boosting life to develop.
3. 仿写
针对单元阅读文本，我们要学会运用好五度审美：
（1）标题立意美。学会图文结合，解读标题；
（2）篇章结构美。学会区别文体，精炼提纲；
（3）超级链接美。学会确定段意，衔接过渡；
（4）内涵深韵美。学会深层理解，领悟内涵；
（5）好词佳句美。学会语言赏析，积累优质表达。例如，在必修1第三单元的阅读文本Journey down the Mekong中，我们可以发现其中的好词佳句，便可仿写相似的游记类作文，并练习替代词汇的使用。
My Journey to the West
Ever since childhood I have loved（have been fond of） the book Journey to the West. After leaving（graduating from） college， I determined to take my journey to the west with my good friends. My parents were concerned about（cared about）me. They thought that we couldn’t forecast what would happen. They advised（tried to persuade）me to give up my plan （change my mind）. But I was determined. I told them that I could make use of this chance to recognize my strengths and weaknesses（shortcomings）. Besides， I have taken out insurance to cover any problems. At last（Finally） they had to change their attitude（give in）. We have made our plan（schedule）carefully. We like cycling better than（prefer cycling to） driving. The problem（disadvantage） of traveling by bike is that we can’t take a large parcel. 4. 拓写
2016年湖北高考将开始采用全国卷。全国卷与湖北卷差异较大的一个题型便是作文。全国卷考题作文多为应用文，如书信、广告、看图描述类，强调语言学习在日常生活中的工具性。所以，在一轮复习中，我们可以结合单元文本穿插进行一些应用文的写作训练。例如，必修6第五单元The Power of Nature的阅读文本是一位火山学家对其日常工作的介绍，我们可以结合职业这个话题来进行求职信的写作训练。
假设你的名字叫李华，今年18岁，想利用暑假打工，你在报纸上看到了某咖啡厅的招聘广告。请根据报纸内容写一封120～150字的求职信。
在写作过程中，我们需要明确求职信这种体裁的特点。求职信所用的语言应该相对正式，在写作过程中一定要注意用词简洁准确，语气礼貌而又自信。此外，求职信一般包括以下几个方面的内容：首先阐述清楚招聘信息的来源，以及所申请的职位；其次简述个人信息；然后进一步强调自己的能力，表达抱负，并请求给予面试机会。
Dear Sir，
I would like to apply for the position of a part-time waiter， as was advertised in the newspaper. I am eighteen-year-old student studying at Senior High school.
As the summer vacation is approaching， I hope to get a job to help me to gain some social experience as well as enrich my life. I’m available during the week so I have enough time for the work. I once worked as a waiter for three months in a fast-food restaurant in my spare time， and I’m sure the working experience will qualify me for the position.
I am outgoing， friendly as well as helpful， which I think will help me a lot in dealing with different customers. Besides， I can play the piano and it can surely build up a warmer and more friendly atmosphere. I would be available for an interview at any time and I am looking forward to your reply.
yours，
Li Hua
结合Grammar， 用中促写
语法复习要在真实的语境中，以情景为载体，培养我们的语法意识，感知语言表达的准确性。例如，必修2第4单元的语法项目是现在进行时的被动语态，单元话题是野生动物保护。通过下面的语篇填词操练，我们不仅可以更好地在语境中感知现在进行时的被动语态的功能和用法，也可以熟悉野生动植物保护这一话题的相关词汇和表达方式。
Pandas are the mascot of WWF and are being protected （protect） both by WWF and the Chinese government. However， they are not the only animals in danger. Other endangered species are being discovered （discover） in China by WWF on a regular basis. One example is the porpoise （江豚） in the Yangtze River. They are now being studied （now study） as their numbers decrease. Another is the tiger in Northeast China， which is being observed （observe） because it is almost extinct.
Over the years WWF has won many prizes for its work， but now it will be given the task of presenting prizes of its own. Prizes will be given to the organizations that protect wildlife well. People in the world are being encouraged （encourage） to give more importance to wildlife.