引言地震是一种给生命和财产带来巨大损失的恶劣的自然灾害。当地表下的岩层断裂、平移或火山活动时,引起地壳快速、突然的摇动,就形成了地震。据统计,全世界范围内每年会发生70—75次破坏性地震,它们的直接危害是造成建筑物和桥梁的倒塌、破坏燃气、供电和通讯服务,甚至它还能引起 Introduction Earthquakes are a formidable natural disaster that has caused enormous loss of lives and property. When the rock formation under the surface of the earth ruptures, translates or volcanoes, causing rapid and sudden crustal shaking, an earthquake is formed. According to statistics, 70-75 destructive earthquakes occur every year in the world. Their direct harm is caused by the collapse of buildings and bridges, the destruction of gas, power supply and communications services, and even it can cause