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Because conditions for the grain production are not favorable and the input in the production factors of mod agriculture is not sufficient, the grain supply has been less than the demand for a long time. By means of grey correlation analysis, this paper deals with the correlation situation among such input factors as the grain sown area, the total power of agricultural machinery, the fertilizer utilization volume, the actual irrigation area, the damage area, the number of farming labor force, in order to understand the major restricting and driving forces that have affected the grain output in the recent 23 years. The analysis shows that the grain sown area and fertilizer utilization volume are the two most important leading factors that affect grain production in Guizhou Province, while the damage area and the total power of the farming-used machines are the following factors. Fertilizer utilization volume and the actual agricultural machinery and irrigation area are the two increasingly influential factors that affect grain production. The influence of the farming labor force upon grain production became less strong. The main measures to increase grain production output in Guizhou Province are to stabilize the arable land, increase the actual irrigation area, expedite the transfer of the farming labor force and increase the input of mod agriculture.