在过去的廿年内,对于细胞控制机理的认识进展很快。在五十年代,已了解到激素和神经脉冲促发细胞的活性,但是关于其内部的调节却知道的很少。以后发现了环核苷酸。Sutherland提出了第二信使学说。据此,细胞的信使是环磷酸腺苷(cAMP),细胞外的或称做第一信使是激素或神经脉冲。在细胞反应中,对钙的重要性认识已有一个世纪,而实质性的进展是从认识到细胞内钙的浓度是关键而 In the past 20 years, understanding of the mechanism of cellular control has progressed rapidly. In the fifties, hormones and nerve impulses were known to trigger cell activity, but little was known about their internal regulation. Cyclic nucleotides were later found. Sutherland proposed the second messenger theory. Accordingly, the cell’s messenger is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), extracellular or so-called first messenger is a hormone or nerve pulse. In the cellular response, the importance of calcium has been recognized for a century, and substantial progress has been made by recognizing the intracellular calcium concentration as the key