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欧洲早期的自然法理论最早表述了关于人权的思想，当时对人权的表述十分模糊。文艺复兴之后，以英国哲学家洛克为代表的近代自然法理论，把人权概念提到社会的特殊重要的高度，从理论上给予充分论证，使其发展成为近代欧美国家建立共和政体的理论基础。自然法理论天赋人权说和世界、人性合理的假说，受到近现代实证科学的挑战，证明这些假说只不过是一种虚幻的想象或主观的愿望。尽管如此，自然法理论所表述的有关人权的原则，却在最近２００年获得世界范围内的普遍认同。１９４８年联合国大会通过《世界人权宣言》，就是最好的佐证。
The earliest theory of natural law in Europe was the first one to express the idea of human rights. At that time, the expression of human rights was very vague. After the Renaissance, the theory of modern natural law, represented by British philosopher Locke, brought the concept of human rights to the special important height of society and fully justified it theoretically, making it develop into the theoretical basis for the establishment of republican governments in Europe and the United States in modern times. The hypothesis of natural law theory of natural human rights and the world and human nature is challenged by the modern empirical science to prove that these hypotheses are nothing more than a fantasy imagination or subjective desire. However, the principle of human rights as expressed in the theory of natural law has won worldwide recognition for the last 200 years. The adoption by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the best evidence.