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在新古典经济增长模型中,技术创新、规模经济、教育和资本积累被看成经济发展的源泉,制度因素被排除在外。但是诺斯在研究世界经济发展史中注意到,在1600～1850年间,世界海洋运输业在技术上并没有发生重大变化,但海洋运输的生产率却有了很大的提高。诺斯在研究后发现,这一变化主要是因为海洋运输变得更安全,市场经济也变得更安全。因此,航运制度和市场制度发生了变
In the neoclassical economic growth model, technological innovation, economies of scale, education and capital accumulation are regarded as the sources of economic development, and institutional factors are excluded. However, North noticed in the study of the history of world economic development that in the period from 1600 to 1850, no major changes have taken place in the world’s marine transportation industry in technology, but the productivity of marine transportation has greatly increased. North research found that this change is mainly due to safer maritime transport, the market economy has become more secure. Therefore, the shipping system and the market system have changed