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研究了泼洒蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)BC-01对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长的影响,并应用PCR-DGGE技术分析了养殖水体和肠道细菌群落结构的变化。芽孢杆菌的泼洒浓度分别为106、108和1010cfu/m3(分别命名为BC6、BC8和BC10),每7d全量换水1次,以未泼洒芽孢杆菌处理为对照组2(CT2)。另外设置每隔3d全量换水1次的未泼洒芽孢杆菌处理作为对照组1(CT1)。8周的养殖实验表明,BC6处理组刺参的末体重显著高于2个对照组(P<0.05),BC8和BC10处理组刺参的末体重显著高于对照组CT1(P<0.05)。而BC6和BC8处理组的刺参特定生长率均显著高于CT1和CT2处理组(P<0.05)。研究发现,刺参养殖水体中的优势菌群归属于α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(δ-Proteobacteria)、黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteria)、拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)和疣微菌纲(Verrucomicrobiae),各处理水体中细菌群落结构明显不同,蜡样芽孢杆菌未能在养殖水体中形成优势菌群。刺参肠道内含物中优势菌群归属于α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、ε-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲、拟杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲,以BC8和BC10处理组之间的相似度最高。芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)细菌在3个处理组刺参肠道内含物中成为优势菌群,并在BC6处理组成为第一优势菌群,而相对于CT2对照组,拟杆菌纲细菌相对丰度在3个处理组中显著下降。刺参肠道固定菌群的优势菌群归属于α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲,相对于对照组CT1和CT2,3个处理组刺参肠道γ-变形菌纲的相对含量明显下降。相对于对照CT2,BC6和BC8处理组中芽孢杆菌成为第一优势菌群。黄杆菌纲细菌比例随芽孢杆菌添加量的增加而升高。本研究表明,水体中泼洒该芽孢杆菌制剂对水体和刺参肠道菌群结构均具有显著影响,在适宜的泼洒浓度下可以有效提高刺参的生长速度。
The effects of Bacillus cereus BC-01 on the growth of Apostichopus japonicus were studied, and the changes of bacterial community structure in aquaculture water and intestinal tract were analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Bacillus spill concentrations were 106, 108 and 1010 cfu / m3 (named as BC6, BC8 and BC10 respectively), and the total amount of water was changed every 7 days for 1 time. Bacillus sp. Was used as control group 2 (CT2). In addition, Bacillus thuringiensis treated once every three days with a full amount of water exchange was set as control group 1 (CT1). The results of 8-week culture experiments showed that the body weight of the sea cucumber was significantly higher than that of the two control groups (P <0.05). The body weight of the sea cucumber was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The specific growth rates of the sea cucumbers in BC6 and BC8 treatments were significantly higher than those in CT1 and CT2 treatments (P <0.05). The study found that the dominant flora in the sea cucumber aquaculture water belongs to α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, δ-Proteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Bacteroidestes and Verrucomicrobiae. The bacterial communities in each treated water body obviously differed. Bacillus cereus failed to form dominant bacteria in the culture water. The dominant flora in the intestine contents of S. japonicus belongs to the class of α-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, ε-proteobacteria, flavobacteria, and Bacteroides, and treated with BC8 and BC10 The highest similarity between. The Bacilli bacteria became the predominant bacteria group in the three treatment groups and the dominant group in the BC6 treatment group. Compared with the CT2 control group, the Bacteriobacter relative abundance Degrees significantly decreased in the three treatment groups. The dominant flora of the colon bacillus colonization of S. japonicus belongs to the group of α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Flavobacterium and Bacillus, compared with the control group CT1 and CT2, - Proteobacteria relative content decreased significantly. Bacillus was the first dominant colony in the BC6 and BC8 treated groups relative to control CT2. The proportion of Bacillus flavobacterium increased with the addition of Bacillus. This study shows that the spillage of Bacillus in water has a significant effect on the structure of intestinal flora in both water and sea cucumber, which can effectively increase the growth rate of sea cucumber under suitable sprinkling concentration.