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科学、技术和应用的关系有时被比作流水线,用于强调基础研究和技术创新对于产业创新的源头作用。但是这种类比如果被过于简单化,也可能影响我们对科技创新规律的正确认识。“流水线”生产模式是美国人在19世纪末到20世纪初发明的。这一模式将工人数量、操作规范、工序流程甚至每道工序的间距、运行速度均作优化,并固定下来,大大提高了工业生产效率。科技创新与流水线虽有某种形似,却也有着实质性差别。其一,可预期性不同。工厂流水线必须在指定时间内按预定数量、规格完成生产任务,满足订单需求,实现资金周转,而科技创新的上游环节,尤其是基础研究和技术研发,却具有较大程度的不确定性,突破难以预期。
The relationship between science, technology, and application is sometimes compared to a pipeline that emphasizes the source role of basic research and technological innovation in industrial innovation. However, if this analogy is too simplistic, it may also affect our correct understanding of the law of science and technology innovation. “Pipeline ” mode of production was invented by Americans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This model optimizes and fixes the number of workers, operating practices, processes and processes, and even the spacing and speed of each process, and greatly improves industrial productivity. Although there are some similarities in technological innovation and pipeline, they also have substantial differences. First, the predictability is different. Factory assembly line must be completed within a specified time by a predetermined number of specifications to complete the production tasks to meet the needs of orders, to achieve cash flow, and the upstream links of science and technology, especially basic research and technology research and development, but with a greater degree of uncertainty, a breakthrough Difficult to expect.