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中药质量评价分为有效性和安全性2个方面,现有的中药质量评价方法以仪器检测方法居多,不能满足生产及生活中简单、快速、现场化的实际需求。免疫检测技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简单、检测快速、检测成本低、仪器依赖性低、易于现场化等优点,在临床检验、食品安全检测及环境污染监测等领域应用广泛。近些年来,免疫检测技术逐渐应用于中药质量控制领域,涉及中药有效成分的定量检测,中药有害物质检测,中药外源性污染物检测等方面。该文综述了应用较广的酶联免疫检测法和胶体金免疫检测试纸条技术的原理及在中药质量评价中的应用,该技术在中药质量现场快速检测中具有较好应用前景。
The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine is divided into two aspects: effectiveness and safety. The existing methods for quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicines are mostly based on instrumental methods and can not meet the actual needs of simple, rapid and on-the-spot production and living. Immunoassay technology has the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, simple operation, rapid detection, low detection cost, low instrument dependence and easy on-site application. It is widely used in clinical testing, food safety testing and environmental pollution monitoring. In recent years, the immune detection technology gradually applied to the field of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, involving the quantitative detection of active ingredients of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine detection of harmful substances, traditional Chinese medicine detection of exogenous contaminants. This review summarizes the principle of using a wide range of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colloidal gold immunoassay test strip technology and its application in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This technique has a good application prospect in rapid detection of Chinese medicine quality.