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在矛盾式与潜藏式两类情境中,用出声思维的方法考察大学生问题发现过程的表征层次特点。40名大学生参与实验,高低分组被试各20名。研究结果显示:(1)高分组大学生在问题总数量和核心问题数量上高于低分组,矛盾式情境中发现的问题数量和质量均高于潜藏式情境。(2)充分的表征是发现高质量问题的基础;联系性表征对问题发现有积极影响,但目的性表征对问题发现有负面作用;潜藏式情境的问题发现更需要借助内部信息表征。(3)各类表征层次出现的先后顺序存在差异,高低分组大学生遵循同样的表征次序。
In the contradictory and latent situations, this paper investigates the characterization of college students’ problem discovery process by using the method of thinking aloud. 40 college students participated in the experiment, the level of the group of 20 subjects. The results show that: (1) The higher the number of college students in the total number of questions and core issues than the number of low-subgroups, the number and quality of problems found in contradictory situations are higher than the latent situation. (2) Adequate characterization is the basis for finding high-quality problems; the contact characterization has a positive impact on the problem discovery, but the purpose characterization has a negative effect on the problem discovery; and the problem of the latent situation discovery needs to be characterized by the internal information. (3) There are differences in the order of appearance of various types of representation, and the high and low group students follow the same order of representation.