同步辐射是一种高亮度、高准直性、宽频谱的优质光源,其在物质原子或分子尺度的结构表征方面具有独特的优势。本文介绍了同步辐射在分子自组装研究中的一些应用,主要包括同步辐射X射线散射、时间分辨的小角X射线散射、时间分辨的X射线衍射、X射线精细结构谱,以及红外光谱,详细阐述了同步辐射X射线散射在层状结构、管状结构以及溶液中的组装体结构表征方面的应用。 Synchrotron radiation is a high-brightness, highly collimated, broad-spectrum, high-quality light source that has unique advantages in the structural characterization of matter atoms or molecular scales. In this paper, some applications of synchrotron radiation in molecular self-assembly are introduced, including synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering, time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering, time-resolved X-ray diffraction, X-ray fine structure spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The application of synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering in the structural characterization of layered structures, tubular structures, and assemblies in solution.