目的了解商洛市2010-2014年5岁以下儿童死亡状况及其原因,实施针对性预防措施降低死亡率。方法回顾性分析商洛市2010-2014年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料,进行统计分析。结果商洛市2010-2014年活产人数135199人,5岁以下儿童死亡1 988人,死亡率为14.70‰。其中,新生儿死亡1 164人,死亡率为8.61‰,占5岁以下儿童死亡的58.55%;婴儿死亡1 672人,死亡率为12.37‰,占5岁以下儿童死亡的84.10%。死亡分析前5位死因依次为:早产、低出生体重,先天异常,出生窒息,肺炎,颅内出血。结论加强孕期保健及健康教育,提高围产保健管理质量。推广“孕中期”胎儿畸形筛查技术及新生儿窒息复苏技术,加强对妇幼保健及医疗机构助产技术服务的投入及管理是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的重要措施。 Objective To understand the causes of death and the causes of children under 5 years of age in 2010-2014 in Shangluo City and to implement targeted preventive measures to reduce the mortality rate. Methods The mortality data of children under 5 years old in Shangluo from 2010 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and statistically analyzed. Results The number of live births in 2010-2014 in Shangluo City was 135,199, with 1 988 deaths of children under 5 years old and the death rate was 14.70 ‰. Among them, 1,164 newborns died, with a mortality rate of 8.61 per thousand, accounting for 58.55% of the total deaths among children under 5 years of age; 1,672 were infant deaths, with a mortality rate of 12.37 per thousand, accounting for 84.10% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age. The top five death causes were as follows: premature birth, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, birth asphyxia, pneumonia and intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions Strengthen pregnancy and health education and improve the quality of perinatal care management. Promote the “second trimester ” fetal malformation screening technology and neonatal asphyxia recovery technology, strengthen the MCH and medical institutions midwifery technical services input and management is to reduce the death of children under 5 years of important measures.