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动脉粥样硬化是心脑血管疾病发生的共同病理基础，动脉粥样硬化的形成与炎症反应关系密切。最近研究表明，天然免疫应答和获得性免疫应答参与动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成，进展和破裂，NLRP3炎性小体作为天然免疫的重要组分在机体免疫反应和动脉粥样硬化炎症反应中起着核心作用，且NLRP3炎性小体激活途径也基本阐明，目前发现Toll样受体和双链RNA依赖性蛋白激酶可能在NLRP3炎性小体信号通路中起着重要的作用。“,”Atherosclerosis( As ) is a common pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,the formation of which is closely related with inflammatory response.Recent studies showed that nat-ural immune response and adaptive immune response are involved in the formation,progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque,and NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in the immune response and atheroscle-rosis inflammation as an important component of the innate immune response.And the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway has also been clarified,and tt is found that Toll-like receptors and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase may play an important role in the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.