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心房肥大包括心房肌肥厚及腔扩大,是由心房内压增高及血容量增多引起。心房内的传导系统是结间束(前结间束、中结间束及后结间束),当窦房结发放冲动后,首先是窦房结周围的有心房除极,通过结间束的传导继而两侧心房同时除极,最后是左心房单独除极。心房除极形成心电图上的P波,正常P波时间不超过0.11秒,幅度不超过0.25毫伏,颌面P电轴指向0°～+90°。当心房有肥大时,必然引起P波改变。
Atrial hypertrophy, including atrial hypertrophy and cavity enlargement, is caused by increased intra-atrial pressure and increased blood volume. Atrial conduction system is between the junction of the beam (before the end of the beam, the junction between the beam and posterior junction beam), when the distribution of the impulse to the sinus node, the first is around the sinus node atrial depolarization, between the bundle The conduction then both sides of the atrium at the same time depolarization, and finally the left atrium alone depolarization. Atrial depolarization P wave formation on the ECG, the normal P wave time does not exceed 0.11 seconds, the amplitude does not exceed 0.25 millivolts, the maxillofacial P axis pointing 0 ° ~ + 90 °. When the heart has hypertrophy, it inevitably causes P wave changes.